1. Overview Followed my previous blog, Global Index, a different approach, we posted our initial Global Unique Index POC to Postgres community for open discussion about this approach. Now, this blog is trying to explain how the benchmark was performed using pgbench on this initial Global Unique Index POC. 2. Build global index Before running…
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1.0 Introduction My colleague, David, recently published a post “Global Index, a different approach” that describes the work that we are doing to implement global unique index in an approach that does not change current PostgreSQL’s partitioning framework, while allowing cross-partition uniqueness constraint. To implement this, we must first know how PostgreSQL currently ensures uniqueness…
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1. Overview A few years ago, there was a proposal about adding the global index support to PostgreSQL for partitioned table. Following that proposal, there were many discussions and also an initial version POC to demonstrate the possibility, the technical challenges and the potential benefits, etc. However, the global index feature is still not available…
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1.0 Introduction Recently I have been involved in creating a solution that guarantees cross-partition uniqueness within a partitioned table consisting multiple child tables. Some people refer to this feature as a global index and there has been some discussion about it in the email thread here. Though the idea is good, the approach sparks a…
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Introduction Network File System (NFS) is a distributed file system protocol that allows a user on a client node to access files residing on a server node over network much like local storage is accessed. Today in this blog, I will share how to set up both NFSv4 server and client on CentOS7 and run…
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1. Overview Similar to PostgreSQL, Lustre file system is also an open source project which started about 20 years ago. According to Wikipedia, Lustre file system is a type of parallel distributed file system, and is designed for large-scale cluster computing with native Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) support. Lustre file systems are scalable and…
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1. Introduction Recently in my development work, a custom connection is required to be maintained between a PG backend on primary and another PG backends on standby nodes to communicate custom data in addition to the existing walsender/walreceiver connection that streams WAL data. Of course, I could just create a new standalone backend and maintain…
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1. Overview PostgreSQL is a great open source project for many reasons. One of the reasons I like it is because of the design of buffer blocks addressing. In this blog, I am going to explain a possible way to share a Primary’s buffer blocks with a Standby. If you want to know more about…
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1. Introduction PostgreSQL’s MultiVersion Concurrency Control (MVCC) is an “advanced technique for improving database performance in a multi-user environment” according to Vadim Mikheev. This technique requires multiple “versions” of the same data tuple exist in the system governed by snapshots taken during different time periods. In other words, under such technique, it is PG’s responsibility…
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1. Overview PostgreSQL is a very popular open-source relational database management system, and it is widely used in many different production environments. To maintain the production environment always functioning, you need to a lot tools, and one of the tools must to have been backup and restore. This blog is going to introduce one backup…
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1. Introduction PostgreSQL’s 2 phase commit (2PC) feature allows a database to store the details of a transaction on disk without committing it. This is done by issuing PREPARE TRANSACTION [name] command at the end of a transaction block. When the user is ready to commit, he/she can issue COMMIT PREPARED [name] where [name] should…
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The MERGE statement is one of the long awaited features and it’s coming in the upcoming Major version of PostgreSQL 15. Although the PostgreSQL 15 release is quite a distance away, the MERGE statement patch has been committed to the development branch and it should become available as early as beta release around May, 2022.…
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1. Overview Nowadays, supporting distributed transactions is a typical requirement for many use cases, however, the global deadlock detection is one of the key challenging issues if you plan to use PostgreSQL to setup a distributed database solution. There are many discussions about global deadlock, but this blog will provide you a step-by-step procedure about…
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1. Overview PostgreSQL is one of the greatest open source databases, not only because of the extensibility and SQL compliance but also the evolution of new features. For example, in postgres_fdw, there is a new feature parallel commit has been added into the main branch and will be released in PG15. This blog is for…
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1. Introduction If you are into distributed database research, especially one that is setup using Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) + partitioned foreign tables, you probably have heard that there are many potential issues associated with this setup. Atomic commit, atomic visibility and global deadlock detection are one of the most popular issues that one can…
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1. Overview Recently, I was working on an internal issue related with buffer manager in PostgreSQL, and I saw a typical use of the Lightweight lock in buffer manager like below. Basically, when the buffer manger needs to access a buffer block using buffer tag, it will have to acquire a lightweight lock in either…
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1. Introduction Last year I wrote a blog about PostgreSQL’s timeline concept, which is essential for executing Point In Time Recovery (PITR) back to a particular timeline and particular Log Sequence Number (LSN). But we have not talked about the idea of LSN in which everything else is built upon. Today in this blog, I…
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1. Overview I recently investigated one internal issue which was related with snapshot and found there were some changes on transaction id and snapshot information functions in PostgreSQL. Here, I am trying to share what I have learned. Before PostgreSQL 13, all transaction id and snapshot related public functions were named as txid_xxx_yyy, for example,txid_current(),…
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Introduction On December 14-17, 2021, PostgresConf.CN & PGconf.Asia2021 (referred to as 2021 PG Asia Conference) was held online successfully and once again listed as a global gold standard conference on Postgresql.org! This conference was jointly organized by the China PostgreSQL Association, PostgresConf International Conference Organization,and PGConf.Asia Asian Community About the Conference Also known as the…
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1. Introduction Few weeks ago, I was tasked to have a detailed look inside PostgreSQL’s extended query protocol and study its internal mechanisms for a project that depends on this particular feature. In this blog, I will explain how extended protocol works in my own words and how it differs from simple query. 2. Simple…
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