A table in PostgreSQL has a relfilenode value, which specifies the file name of the table on disk (except foreign table and partition table). In general, this value can be found in the relfilenode field of the pg_class table, but there are some specific tables whose query result in the relfilenode field is 0. This…
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PostgreSQL database writes all changes happening in the database to a log file before it writes them to the actual data files. These log files are called WAL (Write-Ahead Log). Until these changes are flushed to the disk, they are kept in memory and is returned from the memory when it’s asked for. Writing to…
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1. Overview PostgreSQL is a great open source database developed and maintained by many great software engineers around the world. In each release, there are many features added to this open source database. For example, one feature is very helpful for developer is backtrace_functions introduced in PostgreSQL 13 , which allows a developer to dump…
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If you’ve seen the following error, you know that your CentOS6 has reached end of life (EOL). Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl Setting up Install Process YumRepo Error: All mirror URLs are not using ftp, http[s] or file. Eg. Invalid release/repo/arch combination/ removing mirrorlist with no valid mirrors: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/mirrorlist.txt Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for…
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You have a file, possibly a huge CSV, and you want to import its content into your database. There are lots of options to do this but how would you decide which one to use. More often than not the question is how much time would the bulk load would take. I found my self doing the same…
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When using logical replication with PostgreSQL, the wal level needs to be set to ‘logical’, so the logical level wal contains more data to support logical replication than the replicate wal level. I think it’s unclear to many users or DBAs about the difference between logical and replicate level. This blog is about the difference…
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This is my third blog about Stored Procedure support in PostgreSQL, the previous two blogs are reachable from the HighGo CA blogs site https://www.highgo.ca/author/ahsan-h/. The first blog was introduction and usage of Stored Procedures and its difference with Stored Functions, the second blog focussed on creating and using Procedures with Definer and Invoker rights. The…
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Database monitoring is a very essential for most of the database system, it can prevent system crises, improve performance, database failure and auditing the traffic for identify any unwanted access. PostgreSQL has an extension called pg_stat_statements, which can capture a lot of query execution details. Recently, percona release a new extension called pg_stat_monitor which can…
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1. Introduction In this blog post, I will talk about how to enable the generation of crash dump file (also known as core dump) and some common GDB commands to help a developer troubleshoot a crash-related issues within PostgreSQL and also other applications. Proper analysis of the issue normally will take time and certain degree…
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When inserting data into a table, you can specify that the value of a field is null. For example, for a table t (i int, j int, k int), we can execute insert into t values (8,1,6), or insert into t values (3, null, 7) to insert a record with a null value. This blog…
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